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　　2019考研英語完型解題技巧：總分結構對照分析法

　　由于總分之間的基本關系是互相支持，互相印證的對照關系，而且總述是對分述的總結和概括，而分述是對總述的展開。當一些未知填空出現在總述句時，解出這些填空的相關聯已知線索往往可以在與其對應的分述部分找到。

　　例如：2000年完型試題的47題——應用于形容詞的例子

　　“If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47. He must either sell some of his property or (48 seek)extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low (49 rate)of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.”

　　[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained

　　答案：[B]self-sufficient

　　分析：本題處在一個總述句中：If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47。在此句話之前，文章都是在講If surplus is available(有贏余的情況下)，農民的生活如何;實際上，從文章結構來看，從本題開始出現了另一個意群，而If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47為這個意群的總述句，即如果沒有贏余，農民會怎樣?所以，僅僅看本題所在的句子所包含的已知信息是不夠的，還要看其他地方的相關已知信息，這個關鍵的相關已知信息就在分述部分;因為總述部分是對分述部分的高度概括，只要總結出分述部分，本題答案就迎刃而解。

　　總結一下分述部分很容易判斷出47題的答案一定是[B]self-sufficient,因為總述句中的not be self-sufficient恰恰是對分述的最佳概括。

　　例如：1999年完型試題的45題——應用于動詞的例子

　　“Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by (46 observing)rules or regulations. (47 Still) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.”

　　[A]alter[B]differ[C]shift[D]distinguish

　　答案：[B]differ分析：45題所考查的動詞處于本段的總述句中，既然分述所做的是“秉承總述的旨意”，我們通過分析分述的內容就可以倒推出總述的意思。

　　通過分述可以總結出“3種都是成功的安全項目(主語)”做的動作都是“將重點放置于(謂語)”，“但所放置的點不同(賓語)”。由此分述總結出總述句的主語Successful safety programs所要做的動作(46題)就是“differ”。

　　例如：2002年完型試題的21題——甚至可以應用于介詞

　　“Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened(21). As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.

　　21.[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later

　　答案：between分析：解除本題所考查的介詞處于文章的總述部分——“作者要在兩個時間階段之間做比較。然后說：但是很多事情發生了”。再去總結分述部分——“文章首段講19世紀出現了許多信息產品”，正好支持總述的much had happened，19世紀處于兩個時間段之間，答案一定是between。

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